Maiden Tower (in Azerbaijani: Qız Qalası) is a magnificent structure located in the Icherisheher (Old City) district of Baku and one of Azerbaijan's most important historical and architectural monuments. As part of Icherisheher, it is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and serves as one of the iconic symbols of Azerbaijan. The Maiden Tower attracts both local and international tourists with its unique architecture, historical significance, and the legends surrounding it.
History
The exact construction date of the Maiden Tower is unknown, but scholars believe it was built either during the Sassanid period (5th-6th centuries) or in the 12th century during the Shirvanshahs' era. Over time, the tower served various purposes, including as a defensive structure and an astronomical observatory.
Architecture
The Maiden Tower has a unique cylindrical design, standing approximately 28 meters tall with walls up to 5 meters thick.
When viewed from above, the tower resembles the shape of the letter "Q."
The materials used in its construction are primarily limestone, known for its durability and harmony with the local environment.
Inside the tower, a spiral staircase allows visitors to ascend to the top, offering a panoramic view of the city of Baku.
Legends
The Maiden Tower is surrounded by numerous legends, the most famous of which is the "father and daughter" tale:
According to the legend, a king fell in love with his own daughter and wished to marry her. Opposed to this, the daughter asked for time and requested the construction of a tower. Once the construction was completed, she climbed to the top and leaped into the Caspian Sea, ending her life. This tragic story is believed to be the origin of the tower's name, "Maiden Tower."
Functions Over Time
Historically, the tower was used as a defensive structure and also as a lighthouse for sailors.
It is also believed to have served as a site for astronomical and religious observations.
In modern times, the Maiden Tower functions as a museum, showcasing information about Azerbaijan's ancient history, the Old City, and the construction of the tower itself.
Cultural Significance
The Maiden Tower holds a special place in Azerbaijani culture and art. It has been depicted on national currency, postage stamps, and in various artworks.
Each year, the Maiden Tower plays a central role in events like the International Silk Road Festival.
Tourism
The Maiden Tower is a major attraction for both local and foreign tourists.
From the top of the tower, visitors can enjoy stunning views of Baku, blending its historic charm with modern landscapes.
The Maiden Tower is a unique monument that embodies Azerbaijan's history, culture, and artistry. It is a timeless treasure that preserves the traces of the past while standing as a legacy for future generations.